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Het binaire cijfersysteem, of grondtal 2-getalsysteem, vertegenwoordigt numerieke waarden met behulp van twee symbolen, 0 en 1. Meer specifiek is het gebruikelijke base-2-systeem een positionele notatie met een radix van 2. Dankzij de eenvoudige implementatie in digitale elektronische schakelingen met behulp van logische poorten, wordt het binaire systeem intern gebruikt door alle moderne computers.

In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal (also base 16, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16. It uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols 0–9 to represent values zero to nine, and A, B, C, D, E, F (or alternatively a–f) to represent values ten to fifteen. For example, the hexadecimal number 2AF3 is equal, in decimal, to (2 × 163) + (10 × 162) + (15 × 161) + (3 × 160) , or 10,995. Each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits (bits) (also called a "nibble"), and the primary use of hexadecimal notation is as a human-friendly representation of binary coded values in computing and digital electronics. For example, byte values can range from 0 to 255 (decimal) but may be more conveniently represented as two hexadecimal digits in the range 00 through FF. Hexadecimal is also commonly used to represent computer memory addresses.